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Clusters are groups of Arx nodes that jointly execute encrypted computations for MPC eXecution Environments (MXEs). A Cluster is created with an authority, target Arx node count, mempool size, and initial CU price. The mempool size determines the separate mempool and executing-pool account sizes. The Cluster account records its authority, target node count, CU price, pending invitations, and joined Arx nodes. The authority invites Arx nodes separately. Each invited Node Operator accepts or declines, and every joining Arx node must meet the applicable stake floor. The program does not maintain a node-priority order or automatically replace unavailable Arx nodes. The authority evaluates reputation, jurisdiction, and hosting security offchain when choosing whom to invite.

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Cluster participation and MXE initialization

After enough Arx nodes join and agree on the aggregated BLS public key, the Cluster authority activates the Cluster. An MXE binds to one active Cluster, while the Cluster authority manages Arx node membership separately.

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Parallelization and scalability

Every computation is jointly executed by the Arx nodes in its Cluster. A Cluster can execute different non-conflicting computations concurrently when resources and preprocessing data are available. For queue behavior, see Solana integration: orchestration and execution.